against,众所周知,是一个含义非常丰富的介词,其在法律英语中的应用非常广泛,对against的使用可以体现法律英语的特点,增强法律英语表达的力度,使其规范、地道,但其丰富的含义无疑增加了翻译的难度。对于该词,匠匠总结了6种译法,其中2个含义还几乎相对,大家可以结合以下例句及分析体会:
1.对抗
the supplier shall also be responsible for adequately protecting the areas in which the system/component under this contract are carried out against third-party damage, influences of weather, theft, fire etc., or to repair such damage.
供应商也应负责充分保护为对抗第三方破坏、天气、盗窃、火灾等的影响,或弥补该等损害而在其中安装本合同项下系统/组件的区域。
2.针对
the supplier shall indemnify purchaser against claims from third parties if this obligation is violated.
如果违反该保密义务,供应商应针对第三方提起的索赔向买方作出补偿。
3.对/就
party b shall complete acceptance on the current day of taking delivery, and if party b has objections against product quality, quantity, etc., it shall raise such objections within three days.
乙方在收货当日完成验收,若对产品质量、数量等方面存在异议,应于三日内提出。
补充说明:该译法与第二种译法(针对)有时可以互换,而且against在indemnity条款中经常出现,因此掌握该译法,对于理解句子含义非常有帮助。
4.防止
any derivative transaction protecting against or benefiting from fluctuations in any rate or price
避免受任何利率或者价格波动影响的、或从中获益的任何衍生交易
补充说明:protect against是常见的固定表达,意思是“避免受”
5.违反
against the law违反法律,其与break the law 相比较,前者强调状态,有时也带有“无视法律”“不顾法律约束”的意思;后者强调动作,行为。
又如against the rules 违反规则
6.违背
he discharged himself from the hospital against the advice of doctors.
他违背医生们的建议自行出院了。